In recent years, the interest of specialists in the field of cognitive impairment has shifted to increasingly earlier stages of cognitive impairment. The article presents the current state of the problem of mild cognitive impairment, which is defined as an intermediate stage between normal aging and dementia. Diagnostic criteria for mild cognitive impairment syndrome and recommended diagnostic techniques are presented. Discussed
the most common causes of mild cognitive impairment, which are the initial stages of Alzheimer's neurodegeneration and cerebrovascular disease. The article also highlights modern methods of drug and non-drug therapy for patients with moderate cognitive impairment. The prospects for the use of memantine are shown, taking into account the neuroprotective properties of this drug.